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Geopolitical & economic essay Cover of the book Customs Wars

Customs & International Trade Collection

Customs Wars

America First and the reshaping of Global Trade — the beginning, the timeline, the end

Author · Youssef Briga Year · 2026 Format · 6 chapters · 53 pages · 2025-2026 Timeline

On January 20, 2025, a presidential executive order signed the dissolution of the post-war trade consensus. Customs Wars reconstructs, month by month, the architecture of this global economic shock — through to the Supreme Court ruling that closed it without dissolving the doctrine that produced it.

Overview

This book is not a simple chronological account of the 2025-2026 trade hostilities. It is a near-forensic analysis of a systemic shift. By invoking the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to declare a national emergency over a trade deficit, the Trump administration did not merely tax goods: it weaponized the very definition of "national security."

Across six chapters built as a cumulative argument, Youssef Briga dissects the "MAGA First" doctrine, not through the lens of political rhetoric, but through the cold reality of boardrooms and loading docks. Chapter One traces this worldview back to its roots in the 1980s. Chapter Two reconstructs "Liberation Day" and its aftermath hour by hour. Chapter Three lays out the complete phase-by-phase timeline, from January 2025 to February 2026. Chapter Four explores the global retaliation — China, Canada, the European Union, the WTO. Chapter Five draws up the economic scorecard and tells the story of the decisive turning point: the Supreme Court's February 20, 2026 ruling. Chapter Six closes the narrative on the aftermath — what survives, and what resumes under different legal forms.

Every chapter is grounded in figures and first-tier institutional sources — the Yale Budget Lab, the Peterson Institute for International Economics, court rulings — to separate political rhetoric from measurable economic reality: tariff revenue collected, lost purchasing power, affected exports, an unchanged trade deficit.

This book is written for business leaders exposed to international trade, supply chain directors, trade lawyers, customs consultants, and anyone who needs to understand — beyond the news cycle — how a forty-year-old doctrine reshaped the architecture of global trade in a single year.

The Supreme Court closed a door. It did not dissolve the movement that had walked through it. Customs Wars gives you the keys to understand what comes next.

6

chapters, a complete timeline of the 2025-2026 tariff shock

$264B

in tariff revenue collected in 2025, against a nearly unchanged trade deficit

6 / 3

the Supreme Court ruling striking down the IEEPA tariffs, on February 20, 2026

Table of Contents

Full table of contents — click a chapter to expand its sections.

—Introduction: The architecture of a global economic shockp. 4
Ch. 01The "MAGA First" doctrinep. 5
  • A Worldview formed since the 80sp. 6
  • The January 2025 Blueprintp. 7
  • Author's Note: Why the Formula mattered?p. 8
  • The Trade deficit narrative and the economic realityp. 8
  • The Domestic Coalition actingp. 9
  • The Agricultural Paradoxp. 10
  • The constitutional conformity questionp. 11
Ch. 02Liberation Dayp. 13
  • Phase One: The opening shots, January to March 2025p. 13
  • Phase Two: Liberation Day and its immediate aftermath, April 2025p. 14
  • Phase Three: Deals, Escalation and the $100 Billion Milestonep. 16
  • Phase Four: Sector expansion and the legal countdownp. 18
Ch. 03The Step-by-Step Timelinep. 20
  • Phase 1: January to March 2025p. 21
  • Phase 2: April 2025p. 22
  • Phase 3: May to September 2025p. 23
  • Phase 4: October to December 2025p. 25
  • Phase 5: February 2026p. 26
  • The final Scorecard: Did the Tariffs initiatives achieve their goals?p. 27
  • What staysp. 27
  • The 6 things to rememberp. 28
Ch. 04The Global Retaliationp. 29
  • China's reaction: Maximum retaliationp. 29
  • Canada: The reluctant retaliatorp. 30
  • The European Union: Two tracks at oncep. 32
  • The WTO: The limits of international Trade lawsp. 33
Ch. 05Legacy and Reckoningp. 35
  • The Economic Scorecardp. 35
  • The Supreme Court ruling: A game changerp. 38
  • Author's Note: The Refund Crisis in Waitingp. 40
  • What are the main geopolitical Aftershocks?p. 41
  • Was it a permanent shift or a temporary aberration?p. 42
Ch. 06The Aftermath: What's Next?p. 45
  • Whac-a-Mole Jurisprudence: From Section 122 to Section 301p. 45
  • Canada and a Ninety-Six-Year-Old Statutep. 47
  • China: The Rare-Earth Counterweightp. 48
  • Brussels Moves on Its Own Timetable: The Steel Doublingp. 49
  • The Refund Crisis, Act Twop. 50
  • What's Next?p. 50
—Conclusionp. 52
—References and sourcesp. 53
YB

Youssef BRIGA

Founder of OMEII, author of reference books on Management, e-commerce and investment project management. He is also an expert in Project Management, Lean Six Sigma, and ISO audit standards.